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Fung: Three dimensions of participation

From Deliberative Democracy Institiute Wiki

Fung 2006 - 3D of democratic paricipation.jpeg

Based on Archon Fung, 2006

The three dimensions are:

  1. Participation: The level of the participation in the decision making process, form the whole public to paid adminstration.
  2. Authority and power to decide: From listeners to Direct authority to give orders.
  3. Expertise and decision making: From layman to Experts


When one want to get to full direct democracy, there are several obsitcles.

On the participation level, many decision making take a lot of time and expertise, which consume a lot of time and resources from the citizens. Also, If we want to Unframe a decision, milions of citizens will find it hard to negotiate.